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GMC

Languages

Languages of CIS peoples / Russian

Translation to Russian language and from Russian to any language

GMC Translation Service Translation Center offers professional translation from Russian language (or to Russian language). If you need written translation, our collective consisting of highly qualified translators, correctors and managers will do their best in order for the translation to be implemented with high quality and in proper term. We guarantee high quality of translation in different subject matter spheres: medicine, ecology, oil production, gas production, food industry, management and marketing, finances, instrument engineering, motor industry, different types of legal documents, contracts, software, instructions and manuals for up-to-date home appliances and technology, and etc.

Russian language is one of the Eastern Slavic languages, one of the major languages of the world, national language of the Russian people, moreover, it is the most wide-spread language among the Slavic languages and the most extended language of Europe, both geographically and by number of native-speakers (though significant and geographically bigger part of Russian language area is located in Asia). Content [show]
Russian language is a single state language of Russia. According to the Order of the Russian Federation President No 1488 dated 29 December 2006, the year of 2007 was declared as the Year of Russian language, within the frameworks of which cultural, scientific and educational activities were held, with the purpose of Russian language and literature popularization and support of educational programs in Russia and abroad. Russian language is also one of the two state languages in Belorussia (in line with Belorussian language). 
Russian language is the official language (in all cases the other language(s) is(are) the state one or the second official one) in the following states and territories:

In Kazakhstan (In state organizations and local self-governing bodies Russian language is officially used in line with Kazakh language – according to the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, art. 7, p. 2), 

In Kyrgyzstan (In the Kyrgyz Republic Russian language is used as official language – according to the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic),

In states of Abkhazia and South Ossetia recognized by Russia as independent  (from the point of view of Georgia, supported by many other states – non-recognized units in the part of its territory),

In a part of Moldavia (Transdniestria, which is a non-recognized state, and in autonomous Gagauzia), 

In certain communities of judets (county) of Constantsa and Tulcha in Romania, where officially recognized minority includes Lipovans being Old Believers.
In sociological survey of Gallup’s Institute (Gallup, Inc), dedicated to the attitude to Russian language in post-Soviet states, 92 % of population in Belorussia, 83 % in Ukraine, 68 % in Kazakhstan and 38 % in Kyrgyzstan chose Russian language for filling the questionnaire during enquiry. The Institute designated this section of survey as “Russian as the Mother Tongue”. Word formulations of questions and practical complexities of enquiries could cause errors or preconception in results.

Russian language has state or official status.
Russian language has no official status, but is known by major part of population.
Russian language has a certain popularity, especially in big cities.

In Ukraine the state language is Ukrainian, but at the same time in some regions there is a special legislation in respect of Russian language. In Autonomous Republic of Crimea, its Constitution states that Russian language “as the language of majority of the population and applicable for international communication is used in all the spheres of social life”, as well as guarantees to Russian, Crimean Tatar and “other nations’ languages” development and support. Nevertheless, the ARC Constitution names only Ukrainian as the state language. According to the decisions of local councils of 2006-2007, Russian language received this or that legal status in Lugansk, Donetsk and Zaporozhian regions, cities of Lugansk, Kharkov, Odessa, Sevastopol and Yalta (sm.).

In the USA, state of New-York, in 2009 the amendment was made to electoral legislation, in compliance with which all the documents associated with the elections process shall be translated to Russian in all the state cities where the population is more than one million of people. Russian language became one of eight foreign languages in New-York, which shall be used for publication of all official materials for election campaigns. Spanish, Korean, Filipino, Creole languages and three Chinese dialects had been included into the list earlier.
Status of Russian language as national was stated in all state laws of the Russian Empire. Lenin acted against obligatory state language. That is why in the USSR Russian language acquired the status of official one and international communication language only according to the law “On languages of the USSR’s peoples” dated 24.04.1990. In 1991, Russian language was declared as state language of the RSFSR, and in 1995 – in Belorussia as well.

Till 1991, Russian language was the language of international communication in the USSR, de-facto implementing the functions of state language. It continues to be used in the countries being former members of the USSR, both as a native language for a part of the population, and as a language of international communication. In areas of compact inhabitation of emigrants from post-soviet states (Israel, Germany, Canada, USA, Australia and others) Russian-language periodicals are issued, radio stations and TV channels broadcast in Russian, Russian-language schools are opened, where Russian is taught actively (for example, Shevach-Moffet). In Israel, Russian language is taught in some high schools as a second language. In the countries of Western Europe until the end of 80s XX century, Russian was the main foreign language.

According to the data of the enquiry held in 2004 by Kiev International Institute of Sociology (KMIS), Russian language is used at home by  43—46 % of the population of Ukraine (that is equal or even a bit higher than Ukrainian language). According to this KMIS enquiry, first of all the absolute majority of population of southern and eastern regions uses Russian language for communication:

Crimea — 97 % of total population
Dnepropetrovsk region — 72 %
Donetsk region — 93 %
Zaporozhian region — 81 %
Lugansk region — 89 %
Nikolaevsk region  — 66 %
Odessa region — 85 %
Kharkov region — 74 %
Kherson region — 85 %[14]

According to “Public opinion” Fund (2002), in regional centers of Ukraine 75 % of population prefer to communicate in Russian (and only 9% - in Ukrainian); in rural area 18% of habitants speak Russian (Ukrainian – 65%), continuous areas of Russian language in countryside are in Crimea, Donbass, Slobozhanshina, on the south of Odessa and Zaporozhian regions, local Russian accents exist in central regions and in Bukovina.

In connection with this, in 2006 a number of local councils in eastern and southern regions in Ukraine (regional and town) attached to Russian language the status of regional one in the territory of administrative territorial units. However, already by the end of the year, the majority of such resolutions were appealed by the prosecutor’s office of Ukraine in the courts, and a part of such claims was satisfied, abolishing the councils’ resolution as illegal. This matter has not been settled judicially yet.

According to the data published in Language Monthly magazine (No 3 - 1997), about 300 mln people worldwide spoke at that moment in Russian language (that positioned the language on the 5-th place by popularity), among them 160 mln consider it to be native (the 7-th place in the world). Russian language is one of six official languages of the United Nations. Colloquial Russian language is obligatory for learning by all cosmonauts working at the ISS.

Languages of CIS peoples




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